Complete Guide to Buying a Home in a Trust: Tips for Prospective Buyers

Home Buying, Selling & Renting, finances
Complete Guide to Buying a Home in a Trust: Tips for Prospective Buyers
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Types of Trusts That Hold Real Estate

There are instances where those who own real estate may decide to hold their real estate in a family trust. This is generally done for tax reasons or to ease the transition of real estate to heirs and beneficiaries. Buying a home in a trust means that the buyer first needs to establish who has the legal right to sell the home. Depending on how a trust is set up, there could potentially be legal challenges to the sale if it is not handled properly.

Types of Trusts

There are two basic types of trusts, a Revocable Trust and an Irrevocable Trust. The differences in these two are substantial, highlighted as follows:

Revocable Trust - A Revocable Trust is set up with either a Trust Agreement or a Declaration of Trust. The owner of the trust has full control over the trust at all times and may change it as they deem appropriate. This includes adding, removing or changing the beneficiaries of the trust. The trust may have one or more trustees or beneficiaries. Using the proper legal channels, either or both trustees may change the documents at any time.

In the event that a trust has more than one trustee and one trustee dies, the remaining trustee still has complete control over the trust and the assets of the trust.

Irrevocable Trust - An Irrevocable Trust may be set up with either a Trust Agreement or a Declaration of Trust. Generally, a Declaration of Trust is used since the trustee in this instance would not necessarily be required to have an agreement from another trustee or from the trust beneficiary. The similarities between the two types of trusts end here.

When an irrevocable trust is set up, the assets that are placed in that trust automatically become assets of the beneficiary or beneficiaries of the trust. Once a beneficiary of the trust has been named, the trustee (or trustees) become fiduciaries who are charged with protecting the assets and acting in the best interest of the beneficiary. The trustee must obtain permission from the beneficiaries in order to remove assets from the trust or to liquidate those assets.

Liquidation of Trust Assets

Checklist

Before assets that are held in trust may be transferred or liquidated, the terms of the trust documents must be reviewed. For those who are considering buying a home in a trust it is a good idea to ask for the following information:

Trust Document - The trust document can/should be requested by the buyer’s broker or attorney. This document will provide crucial information that will help the buyer determine who is authorized to sell the property;

Title Report - For those who are considering purchasing property that is held in trust, it is probably prudent to request a title report prior to signing a purchase and sale agreement. The reason is that if the trust has a separate lien on the property, it may be difficult to get this lien removed in order to sell the property. This is especially true if the trust is irrevocable;

Authorized Signer Statement - Wise investors and homebuyers should ask for a statement from the authorized person (e.g., trustee(s) or beneficiaries) before they sign a purchase and sale agreement. Remember, the person who is charged with acting as the fiduciary for the trust may not be the person who is authorized to act on behalf of the beneficiary depending on the type of trust that is in place.

Summary

Buying a home is an exciting time for most people. While real estate transactions can be confusing, they can also run very smoothly. For a buyer who is considering buying a home in a trust, there is an extra layer of caution that must be taken. Because of these potential legal issues, it is a good idea to ask for the assistance of a qualified attorney to review any documents provided prior to signing a purchase and sale agreement for a home that is being held in a trust.

Resources

Sources:

Investopedia:

  1. Revocable Living Trust https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/revocablelivingtrust.asp
  2. Irrevocable Trust https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irrevocabletrust.asp

FDIC:

  1. Revocable Trust Accounts: https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/deposits/insured/ownership4.html
  2. Irrevocable Trust Accounts: https://www.fdic.gov/deposit/deposits/insured/ownership5.html

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