The date() function is used to format a date or time in PHP. The function can be used to print out the current year for a copyright notice, or print the seconds since the Unix epoch as well as every other date and time permeation you can think of.
Format Date in PHP
The date function takes the format:
string date (string $format)
The $format string uses the following characters to represent different formatting options.
Day
d-Day of the month, 2 digits with leading zeros
D-A textual representation of a day, three letters
j-Day of the month without leading zeros 1 to 31
l-A full textual representation of the day of the week
N-ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week (1 for Monday through 7 for Sunday)
S-English ordinal suffix for the day of the month
w-Numeric representation of the day of the week (0 for Sunday through 6 for Saturday)
z-The day of the year (starting from 0)
Week
W-ISO-8601 week number of year, weeks starting on Monday
Month
F-A full textual representation of a month, such as January or March
m-Numeric representation of a month, with leading zeros
M-A short textual representation of a month, three letters
n-Numeric representation of a month, without leading zeros
t-Number of days in the given month
Year
L-Whether it’s a leap year
o-ISO-8601 year number.
Y-A full numeric representation of a year
y-A two digit representation of a year
Time
a-Lowercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem (am or pm)
A-Uppercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem (AM or PM)
B-Swatch Internet time
g-12-hour format of an hour without leading zeros
G-24-hour format of an hour without leading zeros
h-12-hour format of an hour with leading zeros
H-24-hour format of an hour with leading zeros
i-Minutes with leading zeros
s-Seconds with leading zeros
u-Microseconds
Timezone
e-Timezone identifier
I-Whether or not the date is in daylight saving time
O- Difference to Greenwich time (GMT) in hours
P-Difference to Greenwich time (GMT) with colon between hours and minutes
T-Timezone abbreviation
Z-Timezone offset in seconds. The offset for timezones west of UTC is always negative, and for those east of UTC is always positive.
Full Date/Time
c-ISO 8601 date
r-RFC 2822 formatted date
U-Seconds since the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT)
Examples
As you can see, there are many different ways to format date in PHP. Some common examples are as follows:
If you want your date to appear as January 01, 2010, the format would be:
date(“F d, Y”);
If you prefer the date to appear as 01/01/10 (mm/dd/YY), the format would be:
date(“m/d/y”);
If you want to print out the current date and time in the format Jan 1, 2010 8:00 pm, the format would be:
date(“M j, Y h:i a”);
The format for the seconds since the Unix epoch would be:
date(“U”);
MySQL expects the date to be formatted as “YYYY-MM-DD” or 2010-01-01. The format for MySQL would be:
date(“Y-m-d”);
Conclusion
As you can see, the PHP date() function is a very useful formatting tool. Other than using it to print the current date, it can also be used to calculate the time between two dates, convert the Unix timestamp, and determine a user’s timezone.
