How Does the Ebola Virus Affect the Human Body?

Written by:  • Edited by: Paul Arnold
Published Nov 25, 2009
• Related Guides: Ebola Virus | Human Body

The Ebola virus is a member of the Filoviridae family of RNA viruses. It causes an often fatal disease in humans called Ebola hemorrhagic fever.

Ebola Virus

The Ebola virus causes a terrible disease called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) which affects humans and primates and has emerged sporadically since its first appearance in 1976. The virus appears to be native to the African continent (it has appeared in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Sudan, the Ivory Coast, and Uganda). Its natural host is not known nor is its mechanism for survival in nature.

How is the Ebola Virus Transmitted?

424px-Ebola virus electron micrograph - image released into the public domain by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
click to enlarge
Since the natural reservoir of the virus is not known, the way the virus is transmitted to the first patient is not known. However, once one person is infected, the virus can be transmitted in several ways. One way is through direct contact with the blood and/or secretions of an infected person. Thus, family members and friends are prone to get infected.

Another route for the virus transmission is within the healthcare facility. Healthcare workers (doctors, nurses) can become infected when they are in contact with needles used on patients. If appropriate protective measures are not taken (use of mask, gowns, etc) healthcare personnel can be easily infected.

How the Ebola Virus Affects the Human Body

The Ebola virus infection is systemic, meaning that it attacks every organ and tissue of the human body except the bones and skeletal muscles. Ebola HF is marked by blood clotting and hemorrhaging. Although it is not known exactly how the virus particles attack cells, it is postulated that one factor that allows them to do so is that they release proteins that dampen down the immune system response.

The Ebola virus attacks connective tissue multiplying rapidly in collagen. Collagen is the tissue that helps to keep the organs in place. The tissue is basically digested by this virus.

The Ebola virus causes small blood clots to form in the bloodstream of the patient; the blood thickens and the blood flow slows down. Blood clots get stuck into blood vessels forming red spots on the patient skin. These grow in size as the disease progress. Also, blood clots does not allow a proper blood supply to many organs such as the liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, intestines, breast tissue, testicles, etc.

Spontaneous bleeding then occurs from body orifices and gaps in the skin, such as needle puncture marks and rips that can suddenly appear. Death is caused by huge loss of blood, renal failure, or shock.

What are the Symptoms of Virus Ebola?

The first symptoms of Ebola virus infection are a sudden increase in body temperature, strong headaches, and joint and muscle pain. Diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain usually follow with internal and external bleeding in many cases. Bleeding can occur from the eyes, nose, and tongue.

Is There a Cure for the Ebola Virus?

Unfortunately there is no cure for this disease. Survival is very low. Research is geared towards creating a vaccine. However, at present time there is no available vaccine for this virus.

Sources:

Gear H S. 1989. Clinical aspects of African viral hemorrhagic fevers. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 11(suppl 4): 5777-5782

Peters, C J and LeDuc, JW , eds. 1999. Ebola: the virus and the disease. J infect Dis . 179(suppl 1): ix-xvi.


Comments

Showing all 4 comments
 
justin Dec 8, 2011 1:42 AM
RE: How Does the Ebola Virus Affect the Human Body?
Good for my project.
adri castillo(: Mar 23, 2011 10:39 PM
RE: How Does the Ebola Virus Affect the Human Body?
This was good it helped me on my essay i had 2 do a niopoem and a fler on this virus thnxx!
jacob Mar 21, 2011 5:24 PM
thank you
VERY HELPFUL, thank you for putting this up.
britt Jan 19, 2011 8:03 PM
thx!!
this was very helpful for my essay on this subject and this was the only source i could find that had everything i need on it so thx!!
 
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