After spending years taking photos, looking at photos, and having family members take photos professionally, it became clear that one thing that really sets apart the 'good' photos from the 'bad' is the composition. Composition, plainly put, is how the subject of your photo is arranged in the frame. Unfortunately, composition is very subjective, and there is no scientific way to say, "This photo is perfect."
"But if it's all subjective, how can I improve?" you ask. Let's take a look at some things that any photo can use to have some more interest and life.
The Rule of Thirds
How many photos have you seen, or taken yourself, where the primary subject is smack in the middle of the picture? Hundreds, no doubt. Now ask yourself, how many of those photos were amazingly good? It's often the natural tendency to want to take photos in this way. You say to yourself, "I am taking a photo of this person, therefore I will put them in the center." However, a long established rule of design known as the Rule of Thirds states that by mentally dividing your image into thirds both horizontally and vertically, and trying to align the most important elements near the intersections of these lines will create an image that is more dynamic, has more interest and tension, and generally "feels" more intriguing. Click here to learn more about the Rule of Thirds.
Zoom In
Don't be afraid of details! I can't count the number of people photos I see that shows the entire person, from head to toe, taken from approximately a mile away. When you do this, you are distancing the viewer from the subject and removing any intimate connection they might have with the person being photographed. You also lose details, lose out on subtle expressions, or miss nice textures. Consider the following two pictures. On the left is a pretty cute shot. My daughter is running around in the yard. But she's so small in the frame (though correctly using the rule of thirds) that you can't really feel what's going on. Now look at the photo on the right. Yes, you can only see a small part of her, but look how much more you can take from this photo. You can see the texture in her hair, can see the wonder on her face, and while you might not see everything that was going on during this moment, you can connect with her on a much more personal level. Click here to learn more.