http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical.aspxenhttp://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/7196.aspxSun, 04 Oct 2009 22:04:56 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:7196ginkgo100This article is the first in a two-part series on shark phylogeny. It describes interesting facts about the evolution of sharks. Sharks are the living descendants of an ancient lineage of animals, known from fossils to have existed at least since the Upper Silurian period, about 420 million years ago. Though superficially they may resemble simple f...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6040.aspxThu, 02 Jul 2009 15:55:45 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6040ejlloydHuman evolution happened over such a long period of time that it’s difficult to comprehend it. Looking at a human evolution timeline—an outline of the development of our ancestors—can provide the necessary structure, and also demonstrates just how long all of these events took. Millions of Years Ago   4000: The development of...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/36470.aspxTue, 26 May 2009 20:24:29 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:36470ginkgo100Influenza usually affects the elderly, but not the 2009 swine flu. Why are older people immune to swine flu? The answer lies in the history of the influenza virus. Influenza, Killer of the Old and Young Deaths from seasonal human influenza primarily affect young children and the elderly. In a typical season, a graph of influenza deaths by age g...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/26660.aspxMon, 23 Feb 2009 15:43:46 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:26660ginkgo100Superbugs are bacteria that are immune to antibiotics. Get the facts on the origins of superbugs, a frightening public health hazard. What Are Superbugs? Antibiotic drugs are medications that kill or stop the growth of bacteria. Over the past century, a huge variety of antibiotics have been developed to treat the plethora of bacterial species t...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/12682.aspxMon, 27 Oct 2008 02:17:33 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:12682ejlloydCharles Darwin is known as the father of evolution, more or less, but he is by no means the only person to have had evolutionary theories. What and who were Darwin’s influences and inspirations? Charles Darwin is noted for his theories on natural selection and evolution, but during his time, many other natural scientists had proposed evol...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/12681.aspxMon, 27 Oct 2008 02:17:26 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:12681ejlloydDarwin is famous for his theory of evolution, but he was not the only person who correctly determined how the process worked. Alfred Russel Wallace isn’t well known but his theories were just as important, not to mention correct. Everyone knows that Charles Darwin discovered evolution, but he wasn’t the only fish in the evolutionary pond. Alf...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/12680.aspxMon, 27 Oct 2008 02:17:22 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:12680ejlloydThe belief systems of evolutionists Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace are interesting to compare, as the two men both “discovered” evolution independently of one another, and in completely different ways. It is also interesting to speculate upon what might have happened had Wallace published his theories before Darwin did. Charle...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/9082.aspxWed, 01 Oct 2008 03:37:57 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:9082ginkgo100How is phylogeny related to genealogy? Both study family relationships. Read about concepts relating to phylogeny. What is Phylogeny? Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of an organism. The great 19th century naturalist Ernst Haeckel coined the word phylogeny . It comes from Greek words roughly meaning "birth of races." Phylogen...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/8072.aspxTue, 23 Sep 2008 02:46:55 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:8072ginkgo100The flightless birds known as ratites are oddballs of evolution. Research using phylogenomic analysis and other methods has so far failed to result in a clear picture of their phylogeny. Ratites are large, flightless birds found on different continents throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Their ranks include the ostriches of Africa, the kiwis and ex...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/8069.aspxTue, 23 Sep 2008 02:22:39 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:8069ginkgo100The theory of recapitulation in its strict literal form is now known to have many problems, but it had a notable influence on other areas of science such as the social sciences. Part Two of this series explores these ideas. Problems with the Haeckel model If Haeckel's model, as described in Part One, were literally true, it would make the study of ...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/8067.aspxTue, 23 Sep 2008 01:26:53 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:8067ginkgo100"Ontology recapitulates phylogeny" is a phrase signifying a relatively old idea in biology. Based on observations of embryos, its meaning and importance have changed through the history of science. Part One of this series examines the origin of this idea. The phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny," sometimes called simply the t...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/8060.aspxTue, 23 Sep 2008 00:54:35 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:8060ginkgo100The phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" still has some value in modern zoology, even though its original version has been thoroughly rejected. Part Three of this series explains its importance to cladistics. The modern theory of evolution differs enormously from Lamarckian evolution. For example, traits are now known to be inherited s...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6046.aspxMon, 22 Sep 2008 16:57:26 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6046ejlloydMitochondrial Eve, an ancient matrilineal ancestor, is perhaps the more famous of the pair, but her male counterpart, Y-chromosomal Adam, is just as interesting a figure in human evolution. Y-chromosomal Adam is the patrilineal most recent ancestor from whom all living men are descended. Like Mitochondrial Eve, this Adam is not an actual fossil spe...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/4831.aspxThu, 11 Sep 2008 17:42:48 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:4831ginkgo100Do any scientists believe that humans evolved from apes? The answer may surprise you. In the creation vs. evolution debate, you will not find a single scientist who believes in ape to human evolution. This fact may seem startling to many observers who are curious about human origins. The truth is that both sides agree on this point -- but they ...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/3147.aspxThu, 11 Sep 2008 17:38:24 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:3147ginkgo100Naturalists have been classifying living things since long before the theory of evolution was published. Today, though, phylogeny — the evolutionary history of living things — is the main basis of biological classification. Traditional biological classification system: Before the idea of phylogeny An organism's evolutionary history ...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6600.aspxSun, 07 Sep 2008 16:47:41 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6600ejlloydEvolution is easy to see when you look back over the earth’s history. But evolution is not full of large, significant events: instead it is an enormous collection of tiny genetic changes which occurred over thousands of millions of years. Darwin and Mendel Darwin’s theory of evolution via the process of natural selection handily explained...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6045.aspxSun, 31 Aug 2008 16:44:38 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6045ejlloydOne of the most intriguing questions in human evolution is where Homo sapiens originated. The examination of DNA from current human populations has provided some interesting evidence for one origin theory. Theories on Ancestral Origins Some time between 400,000 and 250,000 years ago, Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens , heralding the arrival of...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6044.aspxSun, 31 Aug 2008 16:44:25 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6044ejlloydThe results of research carried out in Ethiopia have produced some fascinating new information about Homo sapiens during a relatively recent period of human evolution. Early Human Ancestors The earliest known example of Homo sapiens lived around 200,000 years ago. The earliest human fossil was tall and thin, likely male—and according to the results...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6043.aspxSun, 31 Aug 2008 16:44:15 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6043ejlloydThe earliest known ancestor of the modern horse lived fifty-two million years ago. This ancestor was Hyracotherium, also known as eohippus, the “dawn horse.” Along the path of its evolution the species has undergone some interesting changes. See Part One of this series for a look at the early histor From Dinohippus to Modern Horses Duri...http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/6042.aspxSun, 31 Aug 2008 16:44:01 GMTb133e95a-c263-4882-8f2a-b24547eff78e:6042ejlloydThe earliest known ancestor of the modern horse lived fifty-two million years ago. This ancestor was first called Hyracotherium, and is also known as eohippus, the “dawn horse.” The evolution of horses has undergone some interesting twists and turns, particularly during the early phases. The Earliest Equids The evolution of horses began...