Guide to NSAIDs

NSAIDs can be classified as salicylates, traditional NSAIDs, and COX-2 inhibitors. Aspirin is a salicylate that can be used to treat fever, pain, and inflammation. This drug also acts as an anticoagulant, so it is sometimes recommended to people who are at risk for heart attacks and blood clots. Aspirin should not be taken by anyone under the age of 20, as it is associated with the development of a serious condition known as Reye's syndrome. Traditional NSAIDs include ibuprofen and ketoprofen. These drugs are used to treat mild to moderate pain and inflammation. COX-2 inhibitors block a substance that causes inflammation. While effect, this type of NSAID increases the risk for bleeding and perforated ulcers.

Some people may not be able to use NSAIDs, or may have to take smaller doses, because of their medical histories. People with high blood pressure should use these drugs only when necessary, as NSAIDs are known to increase blood pressure levels. People with liver and kidney disease also need to be cautious when taking these drugs. These drugs, and other medications, increase the workload of the liver and kidneys. People with lupus, stomach bleeding, clotting disorders, and excessive bleeding should also avoid NSAIDs whenever possible.

These drugs are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and perforated ulcers. Watch for signs of these conditions, including coughing up blood, bloody stools, and tarry stools. Other side effects include gas, rash, bloating, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), fever, jaundice, indigestion, vomiting, nausea, stomach irritation, stomach pain, blurred vision, chest pain, loss of coordination, shortness of breath, and slurred speech. Seek medical assistance if you experience any of the more serious side effects listed.

NSAIDs can interfere with the effectveness of diuretics (water pills) used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. They can also interfere with the excretion of lithium from the body. This is because this type of drug reduces blood flow to the kidneys. Do not take these drugs if you take warfarin, heparin, or other drugs used to treat clotting disorders. Use these drugs with caution if you take medications for hypertension (high blood pressure).