In order to measure the mineral density of bones, certain tests are preformed. Bone mineral density testing uses multiple different testing techniques to measure the minerals present in the bones.
As we age, our bones begin to lose vital components that make our bones strong. There are numerous tests, called bone mineral density tests, which can measure the amounts of minerals left in the bones. Bone mineral density testing can be done using several different techniques. The information gathered from these tests can give doctors an idea of how strong your bones are.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
A DEXA test is the most common and accurate way to measure bone mineral density. This test uses two x-ray beams to measure the bone density in the hip and spine. The more light that passes through the bones, the weaker the bones are. One x-ray beam can also be used to test bone density, but this type of testing is rare.
Peripheral Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (P-DEXA)
This type of testing measures the bone density in the arms or legs instead of the spine and hips. This form of bone mineral density testing is quicker than the DEXA procedure but does not produce such powerful images.
Ultrasound
Ultrasounds are sometimes the first test to be conducted. If a problem is found, another test such as a DEXA may be conducted. Sound waves are used to measure the bone's density levels. This test is usually conducted on the heel. This test is not as accurate as other forms of testing.
Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT)
This is a type of CT scan that can measure a bone's density level. This test is conducted on the spine. Another form of a CT scan to measure density can be done on the arms. This is known as pQCT. These tests are rarely used because they are very expensive and not very accurate.
Test Results
The results gathered from the tests can tell whether or not your bone density levels are low. Precautionary steps can be taken to prevent further bone loss and to try to reverse bone loss that has already occurred. Calcium and vitamin D supplements are often used. The weaker the bones are, the more likely you will suffer from a fracture. Certain exercises and medications can also be used to help reverse bone loss. Because many medical conditions can result from bone loss, it is important to catch a loss of bone density as early as possible.
References:
“Bone Mineral Density” September 23, 2008 www.webMD.com
“Bone Density Test” October 5, 2007 www.mayoclinic.com