This concept of a carbon tax is not an innovative approach but conventional in its own way. There is already in existence a non-profit organization called the Carbon Tax Center that is striving to get a national provision approved by US Congress.
If carbon is included in a product but is not burnt, then tax will not be applicable. Similarly, if carbon used to produce energy is not released into the atmosphere and is taken control of somehow, then carbon will get tax credits and it will not be taxed at any stage of production.
The notion for introducing a tax is obvious. The levels of CO2 already present in the Earth’s atmosphere and the quantum being added daily are threatening the ecosystems like the Barrier Reef for example. There can not be a more effective centralized approach for reducing carbon emissions than imposition of new tax. A carbon tax itself is not responsible for halting the change in global climate and thus, other stringent regulatory measures will be also be required.