This article provides an engineering perspective on the best range of humidity for people, books, and electronics. Also discussed is how humidity is measured and the best ways to control...

Aluminum is one of the most used metals in today’s industry, having properties of strength, durability, conductivity, lightness, and corrosion resistance. Alumina, processed from...

So you think you know about the mechanical engineering field? You know how to read and interpret an engineering blueprint, right? Well, let’s find out. Take this quick...

Steel provides life to the designs of humanity. It has remained an invincible metal through the centuries, but how is it refined, and recycled? What is the difference between cast...

Nature created mankind, but with the advancement of technology, man is now trying to recreate nature. This may have its own advantages and disadvantages, but nowhere is this struggle...

The history of automation in the manufacturing industry can be traced back to the early use of basic pneumatic and hydraulic systems, up to the modern robots used by industry today...

Toolmaking and precision machining are the need of the day, but recent advances in technology demand ever higher precision and accuracy in order to reach the desired limit. This article...

This guide to hardware deals with industry-standard items of which, though common, the selection of can make or break the repair, upgrade, or maintenance of essential equipment. How...

Materials play a vital role in the construction and manufacturing of equipment and tools. Choosing the right kind of materials add to the economy and life of machinery. In this guide...

Whether you're upgrading an existing system or building a new one, good knowledge of the principles of heating and air conditioning, and typical designs, will allow you to make...

Features and capabilities are equally important, if not more so, than the price for buying CAD software. Even given that, chances are you may find a free program through this guide...

Projection is a method used to represent a 3-D object on a plane surface without including the mathematical calculations. It actually makes the study of design of an object or structure...

Layers are very important for managing AutoCAD drawings, especially for huge architectural and electrical drawings. AutoCAD 2009 has many tools to control layer objects.

Protrusion is one of the most used features, not only in Solid Edge, but in all 3D CAD packages. Here we'll look at how Solid Edges "SmartStep" ribbon bar makes creating...

Pro engineer Mechanica is ProE module dedicated for the FEA. This Pro Mechanica tutorial will discuss how ProE Mechanica can be used as modal analysis software.

Have you ever wondered why 3D CAD modeling software, especially Pro Engineer, is parametric in nature? This article discusses geometric and dimensional sketcher constraints in 3D...

Computer modeling using mathematics serves society in numerous ways, from helping simulate natural disasters to simple manufacturing processes. Learn about some ways in which computational...

This Pro Engineer Mechanica or ProE Mechanica tutorial will discuss applying loads and applying boundary conditions. In this part of the tutorial, you will learn how to create an analysis...

This Pro Engineer Mechanica tutorial discusses FEA structural constraints in detail.

Some advanced topics of AutoCAD customization using autolisp has been discussed here. It is a continuous article of the series.

Toolmaking and precision machining are the need of the day, but recent advances in technology demand ever higher precision and accuracy in order to reach the desired limit. This article...

Whether installed on a ship, factory, or in the local supermarket, all piping needs to well supported and vibration free. Pipe supports can incorporate springs to reduce vibration,...

Surface cleaning by dry ice blasting is a very effective method with practically no clean-up required. Equally adaptable to sensitive and rugged surfaces, this is a non-toxic and environmentally...

Inorganic or fundamental glass is an important material that is used for various applications worldwide. This article describes the fundamental facts of the various types of inorganic...

Post Weld Heat Treatment ( PWHT) reduces the residual stresses formed during welding. It also restores the macro structure of the steel. Mandatory in high pressure applications...

This article deals with the various classifications of welding processes. Types of welding such as oxy fuel gas welding, arc welding, resistance, electron beam and laser welding are...

In the field of construction, beam load calculations can become truly critical and require special attention as well as accurate implementation of the results. A simple yet effective...

Are you a hobbyist? Want to know which CNC foam cutter software you should use for your hot wire CNC foam cutter? Read on to learn about the various popular options now available...

Gears play a prominent role in mechanical power transmission. Manufacturing of gears is a very interesting area involving various methodologies and varies with the type of gears to...

The definitive guide to structural screws and lag screws, this article delves into the design, costs, and ease of use of each type. It also discusses the indications for use of the...

Biomass has low bulk density, high moisture, and low energy density. Converting it to pellets makes it more portable and easily usable. Pelletization has advantages for both wood producers...

Power plants produce a lot of emissions in the process of converting energy from fossil fuels to Electricity. What is the type and nature of these emissions ? Read on..

Science and science-fiction often refer to terms such as antiparticles, positrons, antimatter spaceships, etc. All this matter-antimatter thing may be a little confusing to the non...

Cofiring biomass in a coal fired boiler is like a cart drawn by a horse and a mule. What are the advantages?

A wrong operational procedure leads to boiler tube failure and furnace damage. What went wrong? Read this to find out.

Pulverizing coal for a boiler is very important factor in overall cycle efficiency. There are many types of pulverizers available, but proper selection will ensure consistent boiler...

If you need a quick solution to your energy needs and you are in short of project financing, installing used power plant equipment may be the answer. Read on to find about...

Natural gas contains about 80% methane and 20% or so of other hydrocarbons. It is found in on/off-shore oil and gas fields as well as shale oil deposits. The main source...

Combustion of fossil fuels produces water, which is expelled as waste along with the flue gas. This article tells you how much water forms during combustion and how we can capture this...

This part of the article deals with the effect of various specific parameters of black liquor fired chemical recovery boilers. Black liquor is a unique fuel in boilers, and a brief...

Materials play a vital role in the construction and manufacturing of equipment and tools. Choosing the right kind of materials add to the economy and life of machinery. In this guide...

“You see a component and you get it by pressing the ‘print’ button.” This is precisely what 3D printing is about.

The word "plastic" means soft or flexible, but modern plastics include a large range of synthetic polymers that are hard and rigid. We use various plastic products in our daily...

This article deals with the dye penetrant non-destructive testing method, its advantages and disadvantages.

This material from the earliest beginnings of the plastics era became so popular, but also so common, that it almost unnoticed to this day.

Have you heard about self-replicating nanotubes? What are the potential applications and are there any risks involved? Read on to find some of the answers.

Various techniques are available for creating flooring using wood and wood-like materials. This article will help you to understand the difference in wood flooring vs engineered wood...

The machine parts made up of stainless steel become brittle due to the Hydrogen Embrittlement. Here we will discuss hydrogen embrittlement and its effects in stainless steel.

Are you in search of a good mattress which would give you a good night’s sleep? Do you want to know the science and engineering of memory foam bedding? Isoelastic bedding...

Material selection in engineering design is very important in all aspects. There are number of engineering design criteria and facts have to be considered when selecting a particular...

The Alaska Pipeline runs from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez; a distance of 800 miles, and has been transporting local crude oil since 1977, using up to ten pumps. About half of the insulated...

This article deals with the properties in a lubricant needed for the satisfactory performance of a gearbox. The various characteristics of the lubricant are discussed in detail here...

Reusing compression fittings/ connectors are highly recommended in hydraulic process assembly. They are used in both high and low pressure applications. The reusable...

How do you predict the start of vortex shedding in fluid flow? Using a vortex shedding frequency formula you can predict when it will occur.

The job of an aircraft hydraulic engineer is among the most interesting. Find out what the qualifications, responsibilities and working conditions are.

This article provides an introduction and description to some of the different types of viscosity measurement devices used in the field, factory, and laboratory, and how to select which...

Chicksan loading arms were developed in the fifties to load and discharge oil tankers. Their main features are unique swivel joints and isolating valves fitted each side of a powered...

This article gives you the concept of a simple fluid mechanics experiment using Pascal's law as principle. Also we will discuss the calculation related to the experiment and an...

Classification of fluid or hydraulic pumps is based on fluid flow pattern through pumps and fluid supplied by pumps. Pumps can be classified as intermittent flow Positive Displacement...

Diaphragm Pumps have a diaphragm as the reciprocating part. The reciprocation of this diaphragm produces the pumping action of the diaphragm pump. The diaphragm can be actuated by liquid...

So you think you know about the mechanical engineering field? You know how to read and interpret an engineering blueprint, right? Well, let’s find out. Take this quick...

Despite the immense capabilities of hydraulics presented in terms of moving higher loads and in other industrial utilization, pneumatics are still in wide use today. The article discusses...

Grinding pastes are used for controlled removal of metal, polishing, and fitting applications. They are used in various applications like fuel injector and exhaust valve overhaul, globe...

Mechanical workshop safety rules are important to follow because workshop rules and regulations not only ensure worker safety but also bring efficiency to the work process. Safety guidelines...

Using Routh’s rule and the integration method, we can evaluate the moment of inertia of a body having mass and area. We can further implement methods for finding the moment of...

The 1990s were a time of globalized growth in which science and technology saw notable growth. The decade brought some of the greatest scientific findings and technological inventions...

Observing safety norms is important because it not only brings work into order but also saves time and increases efficiency. System safety analysis and risk assessments are covered...

Two surfaces in contact, no matter how much smooth they may appear to be, pose some frictional force across their surfaces. Here we try to present a comprehensive explanation regarding...

Force may be defined as an agent which generates or has a tendency to generate a motion and in some occasions “kills” or "tends to kill” a motion. Here, we investigate...

The article explains the conditions required for a set of forces acting over a body to come under equilibrium, during which the body remains stationary even under the influence of the...

This article provides an engineering perspective on the best range of humidity for people, books, and electronics. Also discussed is how humidity is measured and the best ways to control...

Nature created mankind, but with the advancement of technology, man is now trying to recreate nature. This may have its own advantages and disadvantages, but nowhere is this struggle...

Whether you're upgrading an existing system or building a new one, good knowledge of the principles of heating and air conditioning, and typical designs, will allow you to make...

Air conditioners are not just about the on/off button and remote control. For an engineer, they mean a lot more: they are machines that must be understood to achieve efficient...

Calculations for heat exchanger designs use heat transfer parameters such as convection heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficients, and log mean temperature differences...

Why do you burn your tongue on the filling and not the crust when you bite into your favorite hot pie? The mystery is solved by examining heat capacity.

The power used in running a building's Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is quite substantial, so any measures to improve its efficiency will save energy...

Design of heat exchangers is an iterative process, using the heat exchanger design equation to estimate the needed heat transfer area, based on an estimate of the overall heat transfer...

In this article you will learn the two classical statements of second law, that is the Kelvin-Plank statement and Clausius statement. You will also learn some basics of thermodynamic...

Freon leaks from air conditioners have adverse effects on our health. Keeping a check over Freon levels in air conditioners is important not only for health but for effective and smooth...

This guide to hardware deals with industry-standard items of which, though common, the selection of can make or break the repair, upgrade, or maintenance of essential equipment. How...

Most rotational applications in industry and manufacturing depend on electric motors. Our day to day life depends on electronic and electrical devices, and they, too, in turn depend...

How do skilled tradesmen obtain their skills? How are they are best employed in the modern day arena of highly automated machining, and why they should not be allowed to disappear?

A rivet gun is a very useful tool that fastens metal parts with rivets. Working with a rivet gun can increase productivity without degrading the quality of the finished product. There...

The article explains the three fundamental systems of pulleys, covering their operational description and methods for calculating their velocity ratio, mechanical advantage, and efficiency...

As society has become more fast-paced, the need for a more efficient mode of transportation has arisen. One recent technology that meets this new demand is the maglev or magnetic levitation...

What are the differences between the vector and the tensor? What are the relation between the mechanical rotations vectors and tensors? This article will also cover these all...

A mechanical drafting machine is used as a conventional method of producing an engineering drawing used in many offices and industries. A drafting machine is installed on an angular...

Moving huge weights used to be a big challenge for workers, which led to the invention of lifting machines. These well calculated, efficient mechanisms well allowed us to forge ahead...

Keys are very useful and inexpensive locking devices for transmission shafts. The problems of key shear stress in shafts and their impacts on transmission system are described below...

Aluminum is one of the most used metals in today’s industry, having properties of strength, durability, conductivity, lightness, and corrosion resistance. Alumina, processed from...

Steel provides life to the designs of humanity. It has remained an invincible metal through the centuries, but how is it refined, and recycled? What is the difference between cast...

The history of automation in the manufacturing industry can be traced back to the early use of basic pneumatic and hydraulic systems, up to the modern robots used by industry today...

This guide will help you learn about the various methods of heat treatment and measurement aspects of the mechanical properties of metals. Topics involved include the hardening, softening...

In understanding metal cutting parameters, the tool material plays a very vital role. High Speed Steel, though used over several decades, is still very much in vogue and it can't...

The machinability of a material is one of the prime metal cutting parameters that has influence in selecting several other cutting parameters. In this second part of the article series...

Some parameters involved in the metal cutting process are in fact closely related with other parameters; changing one will have an influencing effect on another. This article covers...

This article reviews basic characteristics concerning powder metallurgy, including the processes involved and properties of powder that influence the finished and compacted final product...

CO-60S Isotope can be used to replace commonly used expensive X-ray tubes. It also finds use in the nondestructive testing (NDT) processes. Use of the isotope is not only cost...

This is the second part of an article on thread gauges. In Part:1 of the article, we covered thread plugs, thread ring and caliper gauges, which are mostly used in shops for the...

Radioactive emissions can interact with atoms of other materials. The rate of nuclear decay can be derived by measuring the radioactivity of a sample, or its effects on these interactions...

This article describes load cell, the devise used for the measurement of large tensile and compressive forces and pressures.

The technology of Mechatronics is widely used in manufacturing industries and now, this term has a great importance in production technologies. Let we discuss the history of this term...

Two types of ultrasonic flow meter are in common use to measure pipe flow rate. They are the doppler ultrasonic flow meter and the transit time ultrasonic flow meter. Both types use...

Micrometer screw gauge is used for measuring small dimensions with acute precision. Screw gauge is used for dimensions smaller than those measured by vernier calipers. Learn how to...

Vernier calipers are small mechanical devices used for taking precision measurement. Though a bit complex to use it in the first place, a vernier caliper is supposed to be known as...

The vernier caliper is one of the most versatile measuring equipments in the field of mechanical engineering. Vernier calipers are known for their precise measuring capability for both...

Micrometer screw gauge is a form of calipers used for measuring small dimensions. Screw gauge in extensively used in the engineering field for obtaining precision measurements. The...

This article describes International system of units, popularly known as SI system of units. It also describes the advantages of the SI units, the fundamental and derived SI units and...

This article describe fundamental or basic and derived units of measurement and the desired requirement of these units. It also describes systems of units like CGS, MKS, FPS and SI...

Robots use many resistors on their circuit boards. These resistors are so crucial for electronics that they would not operate without them. Therefore, it is important to know how to...

In order to make robot building even more efficient, you don't only purchase any multimeter, but you can purchase one with extra features that are not typically included in basic...

Manipulation Robotic Systems, an integral part of many industrial manipulators, are mainly divided on the basis of the type of control system they have. Automatic robots, a type of...

This article explains the future of robotics, including their usage in home, factories, hospitals and biomimetics. Presently it appears more like fiction, but in the next few decades...

Robots are an essential part of technology today. However, most people overlook the similarities robots have with humans, in terms of a control center and a structure. Two key components...

You must have seen them in movies. You must have read about them in novels. They were fictitious, but currently live. Who are we speaking about? Indeed the humanoid robots!...

PID loop tuning is a programming method that allows a user to vary any combination of three variables to produce the desired effects within a closed system. Here we will discuss common...

After a robot has outlived its normal utility, its disposal becomes a challenge for the enterprise using it. Resale, sending to a scrap yard, using it for land-fill, and recycling are...

Medical robotics is an interesting discipline that is related to human health of all individuals. Their use is becoming popular due to their numerous advantages in the medical field...

Control system design and operation have improved with the advance of technology, but the basic premises of their functioning and optimization are necessary information for today's...

What is motion and what is energy? These fundamental questions are difficult to answer. The first attempt to give some explanations was made through classical mechanics. Here you...

One of the most fundamental science fields that has contributed to the evolution of engines since the early 19th century, thermodynamics has seriously affected our lives. In this guide...

Have you ever wondered why you can loosen the metal lid of a jar by applying hot water? The answer involves a special thermodynamic property of solids called thermal expansion.

How does the never ending battle between Japanese honeybees and giant Asian hornets help to demonstrate the first law of thermodynamics?

Materials that have the ability to protect equipment and instruments from being damaged due to high temperature are called heat resistant materials. These materials can be found on...

The two systems are said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other when they are in mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium with each other. Here are various types of...

Can water really exist in a form that is a liquid, steam, and ice all at once? And how is this feature useful in the creation of thermometers? The triple point of water explains...

Why do icebergs float in water? Why do pipes burst in the winter? How is it that life can exist in arctic seas? The answers lie in the thermal expansion of water.

There are two main types of thermodynamic processes: the reversible and irreversible. The reversible process is the ideal process which never occurs, while the irreversible process...

The correct understanding of the thermodynamic properties of the nitrogen is essential for its safe use and the development of applications. This article presents some basic concepts...