Hydraulics

Fluid Mechanics/Hydraulics in Civil Engineering

The widespread applications of fluid mechanics and hydraulics in civil engineering include transportation of fluids in pipes and in open channels, as well as flow measurement for both pipes and open channels. These areas of application use a variety...

Darcy's Law for Modeling Groundwater Flow

Modeling of groundwater flow is important for a variety of applications, such as groundwater flow from an aquifer through wells for water supply or irrigation, and remediation of groundwater contamination. A primary tool for groundwater modeling is Darcy's...

Calculation of Critical Depth and Critical Slope for Open Channel Flow

Calculation of critical slope and critical depth for open channel flow is needed for some applications. Read on for the equations, calculation procedures, and examples for a rectangular channel and for a trapezoidal channel.

Excel Templates for Venturi and Orifice Flow Meter Calculations

Excel templates can be downloaded to use Excel formulas for venturi meter, orifice flow meter and ideal gas law calculations. The Excel formulas calculate pipe flow rates for venturi and orifice flow meters, gas density with the ideal gas law, and orifice...

Storm Water Sewer Design Calculations

Use the Excel formulas in the templates included with this article to compute the hydraulic portion for storm water drainage in a storm sewer design.

Excel Formulas to Calculate Water Flow Rates for Different Pipe Sizes

Excel formulas to calculate water flow rates for pipe sizes (diameters and lengths) can be downloaded as Excel templates in this article. The Hazen Williams formula is used for water flow rate calculations. Either S.I. units or U.S. units can...

The Storm Water Detention or Retention Pond - Why is It Needed?

Storm water detention ponds capture storm water runoff and release it at a rate slower than the pre-development peak storm water runoff rate. The decrease in watershed time of concentration and increase in runoff coefficient create the need for a storm...

Introduction to the Manning Equation for Uniform Open Channel Flow Calculations

The Manning equation is an empirical equation for uniform open channel flow. It can be used for water flow rate calculations in either man made or natural open channels. Water flow calculation with the Manning equation uses the channel slope, hydraulic...

Hydraulic Accumulators Theory and Use

Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. But it can be transformed from one from to another. This energy can also be stored in a device or equipment, so that it can be used in the other form. Have you ever wondered how hydraulic energy is stored?...

Calculations for Parshall Flume Equations

Download spreadsheets with Excel formulas to make Parshall flume open channel flow measurement calculations. These have been built into the Excel spreadsheets for free flow and submerged flow with U.S. units or S.I. units.