Learn Mandarin Grammar: The Different Usage of méiyou and bù to Negate

Article by yen03 (1,053 pts ) , published Nov 4, 2009

In learning Chinese grammar, 没有【méiyǒu】and 不 【bù】are commonly used to negate something and often confuse the new Chinese learner. Here you learn when to use them, including 还没有【hái méiyǒu】, 还不【hái bù】, 从来没有【cónglái méiyǒu】and 从来不【cónglái bù】.

Chinese uses different forms for negative action, depending on if the action is in the perfect aspect of a tense or the simple tense.

没有 méiyǒuor its shorten form ihas several meanings depending on the grammatical structure used, as follows:

a. It means “not” for 没有【méiyǒu+ Verb. It’s generally used for the negative of the past tense.

b. It means “has/have not done yet” for 还【hái+ 没有 méiyǒu+ Verb. It’s generally used for the negative of the present perfect tense.

c. It means “not have for 没有【méiyǒu+ Noun. Generally, it’s used for the negative of the past tense, present tense and future tense.

means “not” when it’s used before verbs to negate them. It’s generally used for present tense and future tense whereas 还【hái=still+不【bù=not+ Verb means still do/does not; it’s generally used for present tense.

从来没有 cónglái méiyǒu=has/have never, never…… 过【guòor its shortened form 从来没 cónglái méi…… 过【guòis used for things you have not ever experienced. It allows for the possibility of something occurring in the future.

从来不 cónglái bù=would never, always notis used for would never happen. It doesn’t allow for the possibility of something occurring in the future.

I. 没有 【méiyǒu=not】 (or 没 【méi=not】) + Verb

Here 没有【méiyǒu (or 没【méi) means “not”. It’s generally used for the negative of the past tense.

Example 1:

Last week I didn’t go to the library.

上个星期 shànggèxīngqī= last week 我【wǒ=I 没有méiyǒu=not 去【qù=go 图书馆【túshūguǎn= library】。

Or

上个星期 shànggèxīngqī= last week 我【wǒ=I méi=not 去【qù=go 图书馆【túshūguǎn= library】。

上个星期 没有 图书馆。

上个星期 图书馆。

Example 2:

I didn’t drink cold water.

wǒ=I 没有【méiyǒu=not 喝【hē=drink 冷水【lěngshuǐ=cold water】。

Or

wǒ=I 没【méi=not 喝【hē=drink 冷水【lěngshuǐ=cold water】。

没有 冷水。

冷水。

II. 不【bù=not】+ Verb

Generally, it’s used for habitual actions, present tense and future tense.

Example 1:

Tomorrow I am not going to the library.

明天 míngtiān=tomorrow 我【wǒ=I 不【bù=not 去【qù=go 图书馆【túshūguǎn= library】。

In Chinese grammar, bù=notcan’t be used with 有【yǒu=have, there is, exist.

Right: 明天 图书馆。

Chinese people don’t say:

明天 míngtiān=tomorrow 我【wǒ=I 不有【bù yǒu 去【qù=go 图书馆【túshūguǎn= library】。

Wrong: 明天 图书馆。

Example 2: (habitual action)

I don’t drink cold water.

wǒ=I 不【bù=not 喝【hē=drink 冷水【lěngshuǐ=cold water】。

冷水。

Example 3: (habitual action)

I don’t like singing.

wǒ=I 不【bù=don’t 喜欢【xǐhuān=like 唱歌【chànggē=singing】。

喜欢 唱歌。

Example 4:

She is not in the office now.

tā=she 现在【xiànzài=now 不【bù=not 在【zài=at 办公室【bàngōngshì=office】。

现在 办公室。

III. 还【hái=yet】+ 没有【méiyǒu=not】 (or 没【méi=not】) + Verb + (呢【ne】)

III. 还【hái=yet+ 没有【méiyǒu=not (or 没【méi=not) + Verb + (呢【ne)

Hereháimeans “yet” and没有【méiyǒuor 没【méi means “not”.

还没有【hái méiyǒu or还没【hái méi+ Verb + (呢【ne) means “has/have not done yet”. Generally, it’s used for the negative of the present perfect tense.

Example 1:

I haven't eaten breakfast yet.

wǒ=I 还没有【hái méiyǒu=not yet 吃【chī=eat 早饭【zǎofàn=breakfast】。

Or

我【wǒ=I】还没【hái méi=not yet 吃【chī=eat 早饭【zǎofàn=breakfast】。

没有 早饭。

早饭。

Example 2:

Your homework hasn’t been finished yet.

你的【de=your】作业【zuóyè=homework还没有【hái méiyǒu=not yet做好【zuò hǎo=finish】。

Or

你的【nǐ de=your】作业【zuóyè=homework还没【hái méi=not yet做好【zuò hǎo=finish】。

作业 没有 好。

作业 好。

You can also add the particle呢【neat the end of the sentence to lighten the tone a bit. It will sound like a gentler reminder, more polite or friendly.

Example:

Your homework hasn’t been finished yet.

你的【nǐ de=your】作业【zuóyè=homework还没【hái méi=not yet做好【zuò hǎo=finish】呢 ne】。

Description:

It sounds like a gentle reminder rather than a reprimand when 呢【neis not used.

作业 呢。

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