Learn All About Child Development: Years One to Four

The development of an infant/child from 1-4 years is very important. The brain grows fast and the child assumes independence both physically and emotionally. Often times, parents get worried wondering why their child does not walk or talk at certain stages. This article provides an overview on the physical, emotional and intellectual development of a child from one to four years.

Physical Development

Rapid change is occurring at 1-2 years of age. The child starts to explore their physical surroundings. A child starts to walk confidently with their legs wider apart and holding their arms higher in order to maintain their balance. He/she starts to climb up and down the stairs more easily. They can even run a little and start to drink on their own by holding their cup with both hands. They will start to explore their surroundings by touching and pulling whatever they can reach. Parents should be attentive to ensure the safety of the child at all times.

Intellectual Development

‘Me’ and ‘mine’ are some favourite words. He/she will start to imitate their elders and enjoys playing with their parents. Chil"ren at this age become more and more demanding as they will cry and whine more for objects. They will develop that, "get it right now" type of attitude. It is advisable to let your child have some independent time (under the supervision of an adult of course). They can understand simple commands at this stage, and can remember a number of words that they will incorporate into simple sentences. Introduce your child to books that contain big pictures of fruits, vegetables, animals, birds, etc. They will independently turn the pages and will be able to identify the objects.

Emotional Development

At this stage the child will tend to be possessive and will not likely share his belongings with others. If anybody demands an object, he may get frustrated and an emphatic “no” will be the answer.

Physical Development

The average 3 year old starts to run faster and knows when to stop without running into things or others. They can kick and throw a ball, but won’t be able to specify the direction. Many children will be able to feed and dress themselves properly. They will be able to build towers by arranging one block over the other. Jumping with two feet is something many children can and love to do at this age. You will notice that your child may be ready to use the toilet at this point. Great patience is necessary in order to teach them the basics of potty-training. They are becoming more and more confident about their physical abilities. He or she will begin to climb and swings on some of their toys. Do not leave your child unsupervised at this age, it could lead to dangerous activities and harm to your child.

Intellectual Development

Cognitive skills are developing rapidly at this stage. Ideas will be expressed in full sentences. He or she is now an independent person and starts to assume his or her individuality. Tell them lots of stories and sing with them such things as nursery rhymes and other little songs from your childhood. You can listen to your child recite stories in their own way as well. Children have great imaginations and are full of creativity at this age. Be conscious of using nasty words and improper language. Your child may imitate them and you will surely be embarrassed in public if they were to repeat them!

Emotional Development

Children at this stage now understand their relationships with their parents and other loved ones and enjoys being in their company and attention from them.

Physical Development

The transition period from "baby"-hood to childhood truly starts at the age of four. Now they can jump, climb, run, dance and ride on a tricycle. At 3 ½ years, they may be able to hold a pencil between their two fingers properly. Give them crayons to color with. They can cut with scissors, but make sure you use safety scissors and are watching them at all times. They can identify tall, short, big and small. They finally understand the ‘boy and girl’ concepts. Teach them to draw a triangle, square, rectangle and circle. They will begin to enjoy some time away from their caregivers. Fine motor skills are also growing rapidly for they will be able to arrange puzzles and blocks even easier then before.

Intellectual Development

Most children become widely imaginative . "Why" is a favourite word of choice. Your child may follow you around asking questions often. Don’t ignore it as being silly. This is their way of exploring their world. Try to give them factual and correct answers when possible. Some of their questions may seem foolish, but don’t laugh at them. They are just trying to clear the confusion and it plays a great role in brain development. Some children will begin preschool at this age. Your child may get worried and may have separation anxiety. Assure them it is okay and that they will be in good hands, will meet new friends, and will have fun!

Emotional Development

He/She loves to play with other children and starts to share toys at this age as well.

After reading this article all about child development from age 1-4, you probably have learned that each child is unique, having special talents and developing at various rates. Have the patience to share your time with your dear ones. They are your assets so make them confident and independent as possible.

SOURCES:

http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=122&id=1887

http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=122&id=1886

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