To download Thunderbird using the GUI, go to the official Mozilla Thunderbird page.
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The website will automatically recognize your operating system to offer the correct version of Thunderbird for your OS. Click the big green button labeled Download Thunderbird.
When the download box appears, if you're installing immediately, select Open with Archive Manager. If you're downloading for a future install, select Save File. Click Ok. Download will take about one minute, depending on your connection speed.

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Open your command terminal and use the following commands to compile and install:
cd/ name/of/file/where/thunderbird/extracted
./configure
make
su enter password at prompt
make
install
Close the command terminal.